Response-In Search of the Emerald City Essay

â€Å"In Search of the Emerald City† is a Short story by Witi Ihimaera. It is about a Maori family who leave their whanau and roots behind to look for the chances of the large city. Witi Ihimaera needs the crowd to comprehend the craving average workers individuals need to transcend their station throughout everyday life and out do the desires that society have for them. The dad needs his kids to be more brilliant, wealthier and have a superior life than he. â€Å"I’ve got the opportunity to begin looking to the future and to get my children educated.† He accepts the arrangement is in Wellington or ‘Emerald City.’ â€Å"Wellington’s the spot. A lot of employments, a lot of money.† Perhaps Ihimaera utilized the name ‘Emerald City’ to depict the thought â€Å"Grass is consistently greener on the other side.† Using the word emerald to portray Wellington causes it to appear to be alluring and looked for after. It makes l ife in Wellington look worth trying an excessive amount of like the dream land ‘Emerald City’ in the Wizard of Oz. â€Å"The street prompts Wellington. The huge city, The Emerald city!† In the principal book The Wizard of Oz the dividers of the city are green however the city itself is the same in shading to some other. Peruse more: How to depict a dream city. The individuals in the city are made to wear green colored glasses which influence their view of the city. Ihimaera may have utilized this similarity to ‘Emerald City’ to show that the view of Wellington being better might not have been valid. Witi Ihimaera investigated the possibility of social change. As in leaving their whanau the family was additionally leaving their social roots. â€Å"Waitahi is the place our bones are nevertheless we got the chance to move. Very little space for Pa living anymore.† I think Ihimaera is indicating how the Maori culture may not fit in to the cutting edge world, that living in the customary way can be troublesome with minimal possibility of advancement because of absence of work and instructive chances. The dad thinks he needs to adjust to the cutting edge routes so as to excel throughout everyday life. He needs to follow the Pakeha lifestyle since he thinks it is turning into the main lifestyle. â€Å"You’ve got the op portunity to go where the cash is. That’s the Pakeha way.† He feels the world is changing and old Maori culture and ways are falling behind. Waitahi is only one case of a customarily Maori populated region that is losing their kin to the city, the Pakeha lifestyle. The story helped me comprehend the extraordinary impact of the youngsters leaving the little, conventional Maori towns. The individuals who are deserted are frequently the ones who are more seasoned and focused on an increasingly conventional lifestyle.

Why Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Essay Example

For what reason Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Example For what reason Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay For what reason Do Most Humans Seek Beauty Essay Why most universes look for excellence is each piece intriguing as it is profound. So as to ponder why most universes look for excellence. I needed to see what is â€Å"beauty† . To ask what is magnificence. I needed to look where magnificence can be found. In the wake of pondering this very request. I found in my idea that magnificence could be found in each individual thing that exists. by at any rate individual. Not only on a physical plane however alongside on a non-physical plane. Might I be able to be so strong as to express that magnificence is the thing that individuals allude to as God. or then again all that is. what's more, that individuals look for God or â€Å"beauty† to happen essentialness or affirmation of their very being? Albeit many can hang on specific things as being delightful. magnificence is truly in the oculus of the perceiver. On the off chance that what is delightful to one may non be excellent to another so excellence can be portrayed as a feeling. One can hold a slant and another can hold. by the by. both are notion. So what is excellence? How and for what reason do universes look for magnificence? In the event that I can simple go to a choice that magnificence is each piece single as we are human. At that point I needed to ask myself how would we see excellence. Is it encountered through our feeling of sight? We experience a sea shore. or then again mountain just like a delightful thing we are taking a gander at. However the answer is non so basic. For what reason is that sea shore or mountain lovely? Shouldn't something be said about the things that transpire that can be only as excellent? I believe that when we experience excellence. we experience excellence through the entirety of our faculties dependent on the essentialness we put behind our idea of its magnificence. Does this imply individuals search out what is significant to them and happen that wonderful? In the book â€Å"Catch a Fire† . a real existence on the life of Bob Marley by Timothy White. I discovered representations of my idea. After Bob Marley recorded and discharged his first vocal. he burned through the greater part of his prizes playing his vocal for three hebdomads in a neighborhood nickelodeon until the tradesman evacuated the vocal since he was sick of tuning in to it. Bounce thought hearing his music on the nickelodeon was excellent. The tradesman did non see or experience the magnificence Bob Marley felt. I can partner to the two sides of this coin. I have unnecessarily encountered the excellence in making music and the blast of tuning in to my music on the remote. It was really a wonderful thing to me since I had arrived at an end and that made me experience great. On the different manus. holding been in the music concern. I have been given numerous a demo tape. which is an example of someone’s music. I can state you premier manus that I felt like that tradesman. I did non see the excellence or experience a similar elation as the instrumentalist. To state you reality. here and there it was sensibly excruciating to tune in to these. At that point I needed to make up ones brain how I was making a trip to interfere with the insight to the instrumentalist that I didn’t partition the magnificence in his music. I am absolutely many did non divide the magnificence I found in my ain music either. Another representation from â€Å"Catch a Fire† is Bob Marley’s female parent Cadella. She saw Bob Marley her child. as wonderful. I imagine that each female parent known to man can partner to considering her to be as lovely. I can’t think about a more delightful thing than my children. Mother’s see the magnificence in their children since they love them genuinely. Much after the tests and preliminaries of bringing up your children. the relationship may change yet the bond does non. No issue what. that magnificence neer cuts. At the point when you have a child it resembles experiencing passionate feelings for like neer prior. So do we look for excellence to become hopelessly enamored and the inclination we get from that association? We can see that individuals do search out magnificence regarding individual or something. One of the most lovely things in life is to see individual that is associated with their energy. whatever that enthusiasm is. This delightful association delivers the height of one’s part to the universe through the activity of their adoration for something and along these lines connecting or setting with others that parcel a similar energy or a â€Å"lover† of their plants. People groups look for excellence and interface with each other. Association is a fundamental human interest surprisingly. conditions it is the association with another individual. a craftsmanship piece. a melodic forming. a message. themselves. The rundown is interminable on the how. why. furthermore, what individuals discover an association with. The most complete record of why universes look for excellence could be found in the essentialness we put behind something taken in by the oculus or head. the inclination we get by seting a hugeness in a thought or experience that feels better. a semantic correspondence that addresses our mind that we can put with that can deliver life-changing pleasance. We universes look for excellence since it gives us pleasance and places us in an area of joyous beyond words. Looking for excellence is the course to felicity.

New Features from Our Last Update - Focus

New Features from Our Last Update - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2007. For the latest product updates please visit the homepage of this blogs Product News section. Weve so far only talked about the new Offline feature with Google Gears that we launched with the latest release. And while most of the energy went into that, we also added some other new features and enhancements. Heres A Short List: Passwords for public maps You can now set passwords for public maps for secure linking and embedding and to hide them from the public maps list Blog embedding for everybody Now you dont need to be Premium user anymore to embed maps into websites or blogs Embed API A new embed API allows you to seamlessly integrate our map editor in virtually any other web application Improved performance Vastly reduced the number of requests when loading a map by combining icons and other tuning measures Reseller Scheme If youre interested in reselling MindMeister to other users just sign up for an account here and get 20% on every license sold! Other enhancements Easy enable notifications when first sharing a map tag auto completion reworked publish dialog with easy copy buttons view invoices and export as PDF and many more Right now were working on a few fixes to some editing problems that some people have been having, as well as on a number of new features. They are things that have been requested frequently and that we think we need to complete our mind mapping offering, such as attachments and images, connections between nodes, possibly some project management things (e.g. task info) as well as Geistesblitz enhancements. New Features from Our Last Update - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2007. For the latest product updates please visit the homepage of this blogs Product News section. Weve so far only talked about the new Offline feature with Google Gears that we launched with the latest release. And while most of the energy went into that, we also added some other new features and enhancements. Heres A Short List: Passwords for public maps You can now set passwords for public maps for secure linking and embedding and to hide them from the public maps list Blog embedding for everybody Now you dont need to be Premium user anymore to embed maps into websites or blogs Embed API A new embed API allows you to seamlessly integrate our map editor in virtually any other web application Improved performance Vastly reduced the number of requests when loading a map by combining icons and other tuning measures Reseller Scheme If youre interested in reselling MindMeister to other users just sign up for an account here and get 20% on every license sold! Other enhancements Easy enable notifications when first sharing a map tag auto completion reworked publish dialog with easy copy buttons view invoices and export as PDF and many more Right now were working on a few fixes to some editing problems that some people have been having, as well as on a number of new features. They are things that have been requested frequently and that we think we need to complete our mind mapping offering, such as attachments and images, connections between nodes, possibly some project management things (e.g. task info) as well as Geistesblitz enhancements.

New Features from Our Last Update - Focus

New Features from Our Last Update - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2007. For the latest product updates please visit the homepage of this blogs Product News section. Weve so far only talked about the new Offline feature with Google Gears that we launched with the latest release. And while most of the energy went into that, we also added some other new features and enhancements. Heres A Short List: Passwords for public maps You can now set passwords for public maps for secure linking and embedding and to hide them from the public maps list Blog embedding for everybody Now you dont need to be Premium user anymore to embed maps into websites or blogs Embed API A new embed API allows you to seamlessly integrate our map editor in virtually any other web application Improved performance Vastly reduced the number of requests when loading a map by combining icons and other tuning measures Reseller Scheme If youre interested in reselling MindMeister to other users just sign up for an account here and get 20% on every license sold! Other enhancements Easy enable notifications when first sharing a map tag auto completion reworked publish dialog with easy copy buttons view invoices and export as PDF and many more Right now were working on a few fixes to some editing problems that some people have been having, as well as on a number of new features. They are things that have been requested frequently and that we think we need to complete our mind mapping offering, such as attachments and images, connections between nodes, possibly some project management things (e.g. task info) as well as Geistesblitz enhancements. New Features from Our Last Update - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2007. For the latest product updates please visit the homepage of this blogs Product News section. Weve so far only talked about the new Offline feature with Google Gears that we launched with the latest release. And while most of the energy went into that, we also added some other new features and enhancements. Heres A Short List: Passwords for public maps You can now set passwords for public maps for secure linking and embedding and to hide them from the public maps list Blog embedding for everybody Now you dont need to be Premium user anymore to embed maps into websites or blogs Embed API A new embed API allows you to seamlessly integrate our map editor in virtually any other web application Improved performance Vastly reduced the number of requests when loading a map by combining icons and other tuning measures Reseller Scheme If youre interested in reselling MindMeister to other users just sign up for an account here and get 20% on every license sold! Other enhancements Easy enable notifications when first sharing a map tag auto completion reworked publish dialog with easy copy buttons view invoices and export as PDF and many more Right now were working on a few fixes to some editing problems that some people have been having, as well as on a number of new features. They are things that have been requested frequently and that we think we need to complete our mind mapping offering, such as attachments and images, connections between nodes, possibly some project management things (e.g. task info) as well as Geistesblitz enhancements.

Description Of Performance Management System - 1801 Words

I interviewed Julie Holt, Principal of Monticello Elementary School (MES). MES has 16 teachers, and 247 kids grades K-6. The school classified employees include: 4 kitchen staff, 2 custodians, 5 reading and math interventionist support, 1 library media teacher, 2 computer teachers, and 2 office assistants. Six of the sixteen teachers have less than ten years’ experience. A. Description of Performance Management System: Holt (February 16, 2017) explained: â€Å"It’s really important that everyone understands the same high expectations across the board, from behavioral expectations to work environment expectations, policies and procedures, and the ways we do things.† Staff is reminded about those expectations at the beginning of the year staff†¦show more content†¦Holt said: â€Å"We have a really tight network here, we talk to each other a lot. If something needs to be addressed I will go to them immediately and we will work it out. If I need to call a teacher in or a classified employee, or if they have a concern about something, we will meet directly (February 16, 2017).† Holt spends time in the classrooms, so teachers know they can talk to her anytime. Summative teachers are formally evaluated twice a year, and formative teachers once a year. All classified employees are evaluated once per year. Faculty and staff receive feedback often, informal walk-throughs happen weekly, where the teacher or staff receive comments. New teachers are paired with mentors, for instance they just hired a new 4th grade position this year. This teacher had a one year of teaching kindergarten but has been out of teaching for several years, and had no experience with 4th grade. Consequently, she was out of the loop with curriculum, and programs the school uses. This teacher has received tons of support, her mentor teacher was the other 4th grade teacher, and they would plan curriculum together every day after school. At the administrative level, Holt helped the new teacher understand the data systems like aspire, and log-ins for instructional programs for her and her students. Holt stressed daily contact, and support for new teachers in order for them to be successful. B. Determination of Factors Impacting Workforce Engagement: First,Show MoreRelatedThe Management Of Talent Management1393 Words   |  6 Pagesraises the need for a system for proper management of Talent in our company. This document looks at various vendor solutions available in the market and does a feature analysis of the salient features of each of them. Vendor 1: Halogen Software Site: www.halogensoftware.com Description: According to their website: Halogen TalentSpace is a cloud-based, comprehensive suite of talent management solutions. The suite includes applications for learning management, performance management, recruitment and jobRead MoreIs Performance Management Necessarily Useful Today? Discuss.1059 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment about 1000-1250words. Is performance management necessarily useful today? Discuss. Performance management refers to a process by which managers monitor, rate and reward an employee for their work and contributions towards the achievement of organizational goals. The assessment of an employee s contribution usually plays a major role in promoting individual accountability. This ensures maximum contribution of the employee. Performance management therefore forms an integral part ofRead MorePerformance Management at the University of Ghana982 Words   |  4 PagesPerformance Management at the University of Ghana It is commendable that the Balme Library is seeking to enhance their diverse customer base through several initiatives, including the improvement of their performance management system. Aguinis (2013) has noted the importance of an organization’s mission and goals being tied to the performance management plan. 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It is also pertinent that effective performance manage ment systems clearly communicate expectations, distribute performance information to employeesRead MoreJob Analysis and Operational Management1444 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Job Analysis and Operational Management Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Job Analysis and Operational Management Describe the aims, objectives, and relevance of job analysis to operational management process Frequently, managers who are pressured with time employ the same work description, which has been in their use for years. Nevertheless, very few jobs are stationary and are retained without changes in our fast advancing world. A structured job analysis presents an opportunity for an

The Ethics Of An Unethical Business Practice - 1370 Words

organizations such as nature conservationists and endangered species activists would feel inclined to take legal action. A public lawsuit would put the company in route to significant financial losses across the board, from boycotting clients, judge ordered reparations and ongoing sanctions that would change how their operations are implemented going forward. The results of an unethical business practice can only come forth if the head of the entity decides to turn a blind eye to what is happening within the organization. Dependent on the ethical stance of those leading the company, the concern for social responsibility will or will not be sizable. Ethical Theories. In accordance to the ethical theories that are known to society†¦show more content†¦This rationale for why they are unethical don’t fall in line with them disregarding the greater good of all involved but for Deontology Pharmacare doesn’t uphold the components of truth and steadfast principles. Under Deontology Pharmacare should be fair, respect life and be honest. The company does not respect life shown by their permittance of actions that contribute to extinction, they are unfair based on the treatment of employees and they lie about being environmentally conscious. The next theory to weigh in relation to Pharmacare’s work conditions is Virtue ethics. The writer states, â€Å"people develop their moral abilities, called virtues, through training, by being repeatedly exposed to demonstrations of decent behavior within families and communities. We learn to become courageous, generous, just, honest, cooperative, and cheerful gradually, as we become habituated to living in social settings where these qualities are exhibited and valued† (Halbert). Under virtue ethics, Pharmacare is certainly unethical but it releases then from onus due to the fact their rearing could have been what led them astray. 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Critical Thinking Students Free Essays

A critical student is one who ‘does not accept information without first examining it from different angles or perspectives. ’ Discuss this definition in relation to the critical thinking expected of university students in essay writing. Incorporate relevant readings in your discussion. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the changing landscape of the Australian education system, it can be difficult to ascertain what is expected of university students in essay writing. Indeed expectations can vary from institution to institution and even tutor to tutor, however the one commonality is the expectation of critical thinking in students. In this essay, I will argue that in universities, critical thinking is not only encouraged of university students in essay writing, but is also expected. I will explore what it means to be critical in ones thinking, discuss the expectations of students in essay writing and will provide alternative learning methods to illustrate other viewpoints. In order to achieve this, I will draw upon relevant readings to support my thesis. The word ‘critical’ is to describe â€Å"that which is urgent, serious, crucial or of fundamental importance† (Craig 1994, 54). In relation to essay writing, to be critical in ones thinking is to â€Å"question the phenomenon of study rather than simply accept and repeat the facts† (Craig 1994, 54). Warren (1995) provides some context to these definitions in her essay ‘The critical self’. She defines critical thinking as a reflective and reasonable thought process that dictates our decisions on what we do or believe (2). She refers to her teaching experiences and at the lack of the critical thinking abilities in her students at that time. Through these experiences and subsequent teachings on philosophy and specifically critical thinking, she draws conclusions that students like to think in this way and consequently their self-esteem improves as they are able to develop these skills (1). Her strong conviction that â€Å"critical thinking is both necessary and vital to learning itself† is a powerful statement to her beliefs in this area (Warren 1995, 1). In order to evaluate Warren’s claims, we must discuss what is actually expected of university students in relation to essay writing. According to Krause (2005), the Australian higher education has significantly evolved in recent years and as such student and university staff expectations have also changed (1). She points out that students now spend less time on campus than in the past and discusses how technology has influenced an increase in a more diverse range of students engaging in study (3). This has resulted in a larger number of students studying via correspondence and an increase in mature age and international students when compared with ten years ago (4). Given this changing landscape in university learning, it is clear why there is sometimes disconnect between what student’s believe is expected of them and what a university actually expects, specifically in relation to essay writing. This disconnect becomes more evident when distance is a factor. Warren (1995) provides an interesting example on the poor performance of her students in relation to essay writing. According to Warren, her students were attentive in class, actively participated and dedicated the required amount of study. Her evaluation of the poor performance was that her students â€Å"lacked critical thinking skills† (1). To properly assess the expectations placed on students, it is necessary to look at the wording of an essay topic. In all essay topics, one is asked to argue a thesis or debate a claim. The ability to present arguments in a manner that influences or persuades others is central to critical thinking (Marshall and Rowland 2006, 43). The very nature of how essay topics are structured and assessed can only lead to the conclusion that critical thinking is expected in essay writing. Without debating and negotiating positions, resolving conflict, reflecting and dealing with opposition, all of which are acts of critical thinking, the essay is not fulfilling the basic requirement of arguing a position (Marshall Rowland 2006, 43). If part of critical thinking is reflection, as stated by Warren (1995), than it is important to understand the reflection process. Pavlovich (2007) suggests the reflection process begins with asking questions and states it is â€Å"as much a state of mind as it is a set of activities† (284). She argues the end result of reflection is a deeper understanding of all matters (284). Self -reflection is the ability to critique oneself, to ask questions like â€Å"What is my goal in life? † â€Å"What am I striving for? † â€Å"What is my purpose? † (Rogers 1697, 164). These are questions that some are unable to answer through their entire lives and yet within the context of university learning and specifically essay writing, there is an expectation that students are able to self- reflect, to see multiple facets of an argument, to question and to be critical. Warren (1995) also talks about the self-reflection process and argues that critical thinking â€Å"is an aspect of reflective thinking† (2). She asserts that only when critical thinking, creative thinking and content knowledge – what she describes as ‘the 3 C’s’ – overlap, does one has all the components of reflective thinking (2). She further argues that one can only be critical in the context of their surroundings or circumstances, such as gender or race and without the willingness to identify with and use background knowledge one â€Å"is not a critical thinker† (3). In the context of being a university student and writing essays, to think critically is to learn to process information and â€Å"to form reasoned opinions, evaluate beliefs, construct positions†¦ (and) articulate a thesis† (Warren 1995, 4). Critical thinking in this context is to realise ones full potential as â€Å"to really learn anything at all one must engage the critical self† (Warren 1995, 4). Of course, there are many other methods to learning and it can be argued that one size does not fit all. In certain disciplines, it can be assumed that critical thinking is not necessary, for example in complex technical environments where ‘x’ must always equal ‘y’. In many cases, there is a mismatch between personal learning styles and learning demands of different disciplines (Kolb 1981, 233). Kolb (1981) explores various learning styles and his discussion can lead one to believe that critical thinking is not central to the acquisition of knowledge (233). One could argue that in some fields it is imperative to memorise information and follow set instructions and not to look at information from various viewpoints. For example, there would be an expectation that a surgeon follows strict protocol when performing a complex operation. I would argue however, that some of the greatest advances in human history have been a result of those who are willing to question the way things are done and to explore alternatives options. Whilst it is important to recognise different learning styles suit different individuals and to adjust expectations accordingly, the basis of a student not accepting information without â€Å"examining it from different angles and perspectives† (Craig 1994, 54) is central to learning and is a key expectation of students in essay writing at university. The expectations placed upon students in relation to essay writing at university may vary, but the common denominator is the expectancy on students to be able to think critically and to articulate this in written form. I have provided a definition of critical thinking and have discussed how the changing landscape of the Australian education system can cause some confusion around expectations placed on students. I have offered alternative learning methods to demonstrate the need for some flexibility and adaptability around the expectations placed on students to cater for different learning style. Throughout this essay, I have maintained that regardless of these different learning styles, there is a universal expectation placed on university students to think critically, particularly in relation to essay writing and have used examples to argue this thesis. How to cite Critical Thinking Students, Essay examples

Closed Loop Supply Chain Roblems and Solution †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Closed Loop Supply Chain Roblems and Solution. Answer: Introduction Theoretical significance The research on the topic of closed loop supply chain will focus on the main problems and provide solutions for those problems. As there has been an increase in trend to return products which includes repair and replacement, distribution return, end- of- use return and end- of- life return. Firms can try to reduce the use of hazardous emissions and consumption of energy by reforming the waste management and upgrading the process of material recovery. These practices will reduce waste and pollution to safeguard the environment and also intensify the profitability of the firm, utilization of the asset and sustainable development. This paper will help in the future research work related to closed loop supply chain management and green supply chain management[1]. Practical significance There is an urgent need to combine environment- friendly products into supply chain management practice and research. Scrutinizing the literature showed that a wide reference frame for green supply chain management (GrSCM) is inadequately developed. SCM or supply chain management includes all the activities of logistics management, like, warehousing, transportation, HRM, information and inventory management, along with the manufacturing operations. It also steers the coordination of processes as well as information technology (IT), marketing, finance, sales and product design[2]. Supply chain is important both for the success of the company and customer satisfaction. Customer service is enhanced by keeping up to the expectation of the customers for the correct quality and quantity of the product. The product needs to be delivered at the proper location at the correct time. Retailers need to depend on supply chains for quick delivery of costly products which would save extra time in the stores. Supply chain is important for manufacturers because of reliable delivery of products to the plant for avoiding shortage of material that might lead to shut down. Both the manufacturers and suppliers depend on supply chain managers for designing networks to meet the goals of customer service at a minimum cost. An efficient supply chain enables a firm to participate in the competitive market. Firms also value supply chain managers because they help in decreasing and controlling supply chain costs. This leads to a tremendous increase in the profit of the company[3]. SCM is valued because they are responsible for reducing the use of large fixed assets like, warehouses. They also speed up the product flow to the customers. Human beings also depend on supply chain management to distribute basic amenities like food and water. A small break down in this delivery line can be threatening for human life. Human beings also deliver essentials like medicine and healthcare through supply chain. They depend on energy supply chain to provide electrical energy to homes and workplaces for heat, light, air- conditioning and refrigeration. A failure in logistics can be risky for human life. Societies that have highly developed infrastructure of supply chains can exchange many goods between the company and its consumers at a lesser time and at a low cost[4]. Supply chains are designed to manage warehousing, transportation, packaging, logistics information and inventory management. Some unwanted environmental wastes are produced due to packaging and transportation activ ities of supply chain. The limited amount of energy gets diminished as a result of transportation activities of human and product. The citizens of a country rely on military logistics to protect their life from those who want to end it. They depend on supply chain management for operating and designing food, water supply, medicine, which gives protection[5]. Socio- economic significance Based on the legal, environmental, economic and social factors, closed loop supply chain and reverse logistics have grabbed the attention of the academicians. It is evident because of the large number of research papers being published in the scientific journals in the recent years. Previously the issues with reverse logistics and closed loop supply chain were part of public awareness. But now these are revenue opportunities for manufacturers and retailers of a firm instead of a cost- minimization approach[6]. There are five ways which can make a difference in the socio- economic field: Ensure value for money: the significance of making the most use of budgets and procuring of whole life cost is vital. Developing local capacity and employment: local capacities are created and developed after considering the amount of people still unemployed. Drive innovation: close relationship between suppliers and procurement helps to develop new ideas. Being the role model of ethics and transparency: procuring materials should refer to ethical breaches in the supply chain and evolve systems to prevent them. Ensure sustainability- buying should support and encourage developments in environmental and socio- economic sustainability[8]. Conclusion Logistical support includes product recall, product disposal and product recycling. The objectives for reverse material flow system include the extension of life cycle support to the product. Reverse logistics, a process of transportation of goods in the reverse direction, is done in an effective way to manage cost through an organized network. It is a desegregated system in an organizations supply chain management. Reverse logistics can be done for various reasons like, return of goods for weak performance, rental return of short term, return for repairs, reusable packages, goods not sold, exchange for new products, goods sent for modification and product recycling. It helps in increasing concern for environment pollution, government acts and regulations on recycling of products and waste disposal, rapid consumerism and tough competition. It can be used for various purposes like refilling, re- manufacturing, repairs and re- furbishing, depending on the quality and nature of product, sales volume, unit value and distribution channels. The objective of logistics is to connect the market, distribution network with the manufacturing process and procurement activity to provide best services at a low cost. Logistics management encloses raw materials and other inputs by delivering the final product. References Fallah, Hamed, Hamidreza Eskandari, and Mir Saman Pishvaee. "Competitive closed-loop supply chain network design under uncertainty."Journal of Manufacturing Systems37, no. 3 (2015): 649-661. Ferguson, Mark E., and Gilvan C. Souza, eds.Closed-loop supply chains: new developments to improve the sustainability of business practices. CRC Press, 2016. Garg, Kiran, Devika Kannan, Ali Diabat, and P. C. Jha. "A multi-criteria optimization approach to manage environmental issues in closed loop supply chain network design."Journal of Cleaner Production100 (2015): 297-314. He, Yuanjie. "Acquisition pricing and remanufacturing decisions in a closed-loop supply chain."International Journal of Production Economics163 (2015): 48-60. Maiti, T., and B. C. Giri. "A closed loop supply chain under retail price and product quality dependent demand."Journal of Manufacturing Systems37 (2015): 624-637. Qiang, Qiang Patrick. "The closed-loop supply chain network with competition and design for remanufactureability."Journal of Cleaner Production105 (2015): 348-356. Sundari, PR Thiripura, and C. Vijayalakshmi. "A Comprehensive Review of Closed Loop Supply Chain."Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics12, no. 4 (2016): 2785-2792. Zhalechian, M., R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, B. Zahiri, and M. Mohammadi. "Sustainable design of a closed-loop location-routing-inventory supply chain network under mixed uncertainty."Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review89 (2016): 182-214.

Aaron Burr Essays - Politics Of The United States, United States

Aaron Burr Essays - Politics Of The United States, United States Aaron Burr I. Introduction The events surrounding the Burr Conspiracy were among the first tests of the effectiveness of the United States democracy. II. Aaron Burr Aaron Burr was born in Newark New Jersey on February 6, 1756, and Burr was educated at what is now Princeton University. Burr joined the Continental Army in 1775, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Burr was appointed attorney general of New York in 1789 and served as a United States senator from 1791 to 1797 (Onager CD-ROM). In the Election of 1800, Aaron Burr was the running mate of Republican candidate Thomas Jefferson. Although Burr was running for vice-president, he received as many votes as Jefferson did, and the House of Representatives chose Jefferson as president. After Burrs term as vice-president was over and he lost the race for the governorship of New York, Burr fought Alexander Hamilton in a duel in Weekawhen, New Jersey, on July 11,1804. Aaron Burr killed his political rival, Alexander Hamilton, and his credibility as a politician in that duel. Shortly after the duel, Aaron Burr became involved in a plot known as the Burr Conspiracy. After the scheme was discov ered by Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr was arrested for treason. Burr was acquitted after a six-month trial on September 1, 1807. III. Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton was born as an illegitimate child on the Island of Nevis on January 11, 1757. Alexander Hamilton was educated at what is now Columbia University. Hamilton served as a soldier and Washingtons personal secretary during the Revolutionary War. After the Revolutionary War, he studied law in New York and served in the Continental Congress from 1782-1783(Onager CD-ROM). In 1787 Hamilton helped ratify the Constitution in New York, and wrote many of the 85 essays known as the Federalist Papers. In 1789, George Washington appointed Hamilton as the first Secretary of Treasury. As the Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton devised plans that funded national debts, assumed the states Revolutionary War debts, and established the First National Bank of the United States. Hamilton also influenced many key Federalists in the House of Representatives to make Thomas Jefferson president in the Election of 1800, and was killed in a duel in 1804. IV. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia in 1743. Jefferson studied law at the College of William and Mary and became a moderately- successful lawyer. Jefferson served in the House of Burgesses from 1768 to 1775. Jefferson took an active part in the American Revolution. Jefferson wrote a list of grievances known as the Summary of the View of the Rights of British America, he was a Virginian delegate in the First Continental Congress, and wrote the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson became the Governor of Virginia in 1779, and wrote the Notes on the State of Virginia in 1785. Jefferson became a delegate in France in 1785. After Jeffersons return to America he became the Secretary of State. Jefferson became the vice-president in 1796 and became the President of the United States in the Election of 1800. Jefferson was re-elected in 1804, and the Burr Conspiracy took place during Jeffersons second term. V. Election of 1800 In the Election of 1800, President John Adams and Charles Pickney were the Federalist candidates, and the Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice-president. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr each polled the same number of votes in the Electoral College because the electors didnt specify, in voting for Jefferson or Burr, which one was president or vice-president. As a result, Jefferson and Burr had the same number of votes for president, and the tie would have to be broken in the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives was dominated by Federalists who had to choose one of the two Republican candidates to be President of the United States. In order to become president one of the candidates had to receive the support of the majority of the state representatives. Alexander Hamilton disliked Thomas Jefferson, but he disliked Aaron Burr more. Hamilton persuaded many key Federalists in the House of Representatives to vote for Jefferson, and Jefferson became the President of the United States. VI. Jeffersons Aims Jefferson was a Republican. Jefferson favored the power of states rights over a strong

Free Essays on Jean-Baptiste Rodin

On November 12, 1840, Auguste Rodin was born into a modest family who resided in Paris. Rodin’s father was an office employee; his name was Jean-Baptiste Rodin. Marie Chefter, his mother, was especially religious, as was his father. Rodin’s family were very close, through love and religion. He was the younger of two children. His sister who was about two years older than him became a nun, but soon after, she past away due to a short illness. He was very close to her, her death upset him so much he went into the Monastery of the Eudistes. Rodin only lasted five or six months before he decided to go home. As a young man his parents stressed education, they sent him off to Beauvais. This school was founded by his Uncle and Rodin stayed with him until the ripe old age of fourteen. Everyone noticed the incredible talent this boy had, his drawing were so good his father put him into a drawing and mathematics school known as â€Å"little school.† It was for young talented children. At this school he a teacher by the name of Lecocq de Boisbaudram, who created a system for drawing by training the memory. Some of Boisbaudrams other students included Fantin-Latour, Cazin, Legros, Lhermitte, Dalou, and Chaplain. Rodin had also said Fort, another professor at the school had a great impact on him and his work. He went to Gobelins School where other teacher, Lucas was said to have left an impression on him. As Rodin grew up he consulted a sculptor named Maindron who encouraged him to apply to Ecole des Beaux-Art. He was rejected three times (which gives a lot of hope to young artist today. ) To make money Rodin had to get a job. He did many things that struggling sculptors would do, such as moulder, ornamenter, and goldsmith. All of these jobs gave him valuable experience he would use in the future sculpting. Around this time was when Rodins sister became sick and he went into the monastery. Five months later he left and shortly after that h... Free Essays on Jean-Baptiste Rodin Free Essays on Jean-Baptiste Rodin On November 12, 1840, Auguste Rodin was born into a modest family who resided in Paris. Rodin’s father was an office employee; his name was Jean-Baptiste Rodin. Marie Chefter, his mother, was especially religious, as was his father. Rodin’s family were very close, through love and religion. He was the younger of two children. His sister who was about two years older than him became a nun, but soon after, she past away due to a short illness. He was very close to her, her death upset him so much he went into the Monastery of the Eudistes. Rodin only lasted five or six months before he decided to go home. As a young man his parents stressed education, they sent him off to Beauvais. This school was founded by his Uncle and Rodin stayed with him until the ripe old age of fourteen. Everyone noticed the incredible talent this boy had, his drawing were so good his father put him into a drawing and mathematics school known as â€Å"little school.† It was for young talented children. At this school he a teacher by the name of Lecocq de Boisbaudram, who created a system for drawing by training the memory. Some of Boisbaudrams other students included Fantin-Latour, Cazin, Legros, Lhermitte, Dalou, and Chaplain. Rodin had also said Fort, another professor at the school had a great impact on him and his work. He went to Gobelins School where other teacher, Lucas was said to have left an impression on him. As Rodin grew up he consulted a sculptor named Maindron who encouraged him to apply to Ecole des Beaux-Art. He was rejected three times (which gives a lot of hope to young artist today. ) To make money Rodin had to get a job. He did many things that struggling sculptors would do, such as moulder, ornamenter, and goldsmith. All of these jobs gave him valuable experience he would use in the future sculpting. Around this time was when Rodins sister became sick and he went into the monastery. Five months later he left and shortly after that h...

Organization Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organization Design - Research Paper Example Thus the structure of a business organization need to be conducted based on six essential elements which can be stated as follows. Firstly the organizational design can be based on the degree of work specialization of the organizational employees. Secondly the different organizational tasks needs to be grouped based on like factors forming departments. Thirdly the organizational design needs to be based on the job hierarchy roles in the concern defining the reporting authorities. Fourthly the organizational design needs to understand the number of subordinates who can be managed by one managerial head. Fifthly the organizational design differs in organizations in regards to centralized and decentralized decision making paths. Finally in the sixth case organizational design also differs based on the standardization of work rules in the concern or departments (Robbins, Judge and Sanghi, 2010, p.234). Designing of Individual Position The business organization performs in an effective ma nner through the collective relationships of large number of employees based along different units and departments. In this regard, Aart (2005) relates that the organizational machinery performs effectively based on the designing of individual positions in the concern. The organic approach to organizational design suggests that the people in the organization work as vibrant units adapting themselves to the external changes. The organizational vision and mission objectives and policy changes needs to be communicated effectively to the different individuals in the concern. These individuals need to coordinate with each other to help in the achievement of organizational goals. Thus the different individuals or groups... The study performs business organization in an effective manner through the collective relationships of large number of employees based along different units and departments. In this regard, Aart relates that the organizational machinery performs effectively based on the designing of individual positions in the concern. The organic approach to organizational design suggests that the people in the organization work as vibrant units adapting themselves to the external changes. The organizational vision and mission objectives and policy changes needs to be communicated effectively to the different individuals in the concern. These individuals need to coordinate with each other to help in the achievement of organizational goals. Thus the different individuals or groups working in a concern needs to be assimilated and trained effectively to pursue the holistic organizational mission. The organization thus must not be seen as an isolated entity; rather it must be visualized as an organic w hole. Fox, Schwella and Wissink state that an organization to effectively pursue the organizational mission and objectives needs to design its structures accordingly. The structures based on grouping of tasks and organizational potencies act as superstructures helping the organization accomplish its mission. Designing of organizational superstructures is conducted based on a process in which the organizational objectives thus framed are percolated throughout the concern in the form of top down structure.

Global Marketing Expansion Speech or Presentation

Global Marketing Expansion - Speech or Presentation Example In addition, for a good marketing strategy for the new products being introduced in new markets, it is essential that enterprises engage into a critical analysis of the targeted market or region (Paul 254). This is important because it helps the marketers of the product understand the market dynamics better for enhanced product positioning. As a general rule, a product is likely to sell if the conditions of the external environment are favorable for promotion purposes. The justification behind this is that for the product to be known and accepted in the market, there must be promotion and adoption campaign. This paper identifies the Malaysian market for the purposes of introducing a portable water purifying gadget. The paper will therefore analyze the current situation of the foreign country in terms of the social, political, legal and environmental factors that might affect the introduction and promotion of the new product into the new market. This analysis will be conducted on a ba ckground of the various factors that may hinder the marketing campaign for the new product. To begin, it is important to identify the new product and the justifications for introducing it to Malaysian market. The Portable Water Purifying System The portable water purifier is an innovative product developed for the purposes of ensuring that households and even travelling individuals have access to not only clean but safe water for consumption. Water is an important component of human development. However, although most people have improved access to relatively clean water in the developing and emerging economies today, there is still a problem of making sure that the water is pure and free from disease causing germs. A sure way to eliminate this uncertainty is to have a portable ‘verification’ tool. This is the main reason why this purification gadget has been developed. With the size of a small torch, the purifier uses the ultraviolet ray technology to help purify water especially before drinking. In addition, the gadget is able to recharge using limited solar rays and therefore it is the surest way of creating purification capabilities to households and individuals even in remote areas that do not have access to other purification systems. Another advantage of the product is that it is relatively cheap and durable and hence can be used by many people regardless of their economic status. In addition, the product is user friendly because just like a conventional torch light, the portable purifier works with a slide switch that activates the beam of ultraviolet rays that are able to sterilize water within a couple of minutes before use. With this hand held simple but technologically inventive gadget, the safety of the user is assured. This is because it is able to eliminate the bacteria and other pathogens that may cause illness. This product is therefore suitable in areas that are continually faced with water shortage problems. It is a guarantee of an assisted elimination of illness related to water borne diseases. It is able to purify water in a couple of minutes and therefore ideal for tourists who may not be sure of the water they have for consumption. It can also be used for relief assistance during humanitarian crises like floods to help eliminate water borne disease. Having reviewed the product on offer, it is important to look at the situation in the target country that may make

Cadbury | Marketing Analysis

Cadbury | Marketing Analysis Cadbury, the global leader in the chocolate confectionery market, began in 1824 when a young Quaker named John Cadbury opened up a shop in Birmingham. He sold tea, coffee and drinking cocoa and chocolate and one of the main causes of poverty was alcohol, he hoped that his product would prove to be a suitable alternative for it and so he maintained high quality standards for all of his products. Quakers was not allowed to attend university at that time and his anti-military thoughts also kept him away from the military, so he devoted his time towards business related activities or to other social reforms. John was selling 11 different types of cocoa and 16 different kinds of drinking chocolate by 1842. His brother, Benjamin also joined the company and they formed Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. They got the Royal Warranty from Queen Victoria in 1854 and opened their office in London. The partnership failed after six years when Johns wife died and due to his deteriorating health. The business was handed over to George and Richard, Johns sons and they operated the business later on. The two brothers continued to expand their business and were earning profit now. Cadburys Cocoa Essence, which was advertised as absolutely pure and therefore best, was an all-natural product made with pure cocoa butter and no starchy ingredients. Cocoa Essence was the beginning of chocolate as we know it today. They moved their business to South of Birmingham and the area became popularly known as, Bournville. Due to profitable business, the brothers also started selling tea in 1873. Master confectioner Frederic Kinchelman was appointed to share his recipe and production secrets with Cadbury workers. This resulted in Cadbury producing chocolate covered nougats, bonbons delices, pistache, caramels, avelines and more. In 1897, they manufactured their first milk chocolate and two years later, they were incorporated as a limited company and had hired 2600 people in their factory. Cadbury supported World War I and sent books, chocolates and clothes to the soldier. Around 2000 of their employees joined the armed forces. These people were allowed to work in the factory after taking educational courses once they were back from the war. During this period trade overseas increased, and Cadbury opened its first overseas factory near Hobart, Tasmania. The next year Cadbury merged with JS Fry Sons, a past market leader in chocolate. Cadbury also extended their support in the Second World War. Their factories were used for the manufacturing of arms and ammunitions. Their growing fields were used as runways for the airplanes used in wars. Cadbury St. Johns Ambulance unit helped people during air raids and chocolate were provided to soldiers through out the war. In 1969 Cadbury merged with Schweppes (a brand famous for manufacturing carbonated soft drinks and mineral water) to form Cadbury Schweppes. These two merged companies went on to acquire Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and more. Schweppes Beverages was created, and the manufacture of Cadbury confectionery brands was licensed to Hershey. Today Cadbury Schweppes is the largest confectionery company in the world, employing more than 70,000 employees. In 2006 the company had over $15 billion in overall sales. Cadbury Product Timeline A history of Cadburys sweet success à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1824 John Cadbury, the son of Richard Cadbury, opened his shop in Birmingham and sold tea, coffee,hops, mustard, cocoa and drinking chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1866 The Cadbury brothers introduce a new cocoa process to produce a much more palatable Cocoa Essence the forerunner of the cocoa we know today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1897 First milk chocolate manufactured by chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1904 George Cadbury Junior perfects a new recipe for milk chocolate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1905 Cadbury launched Dairy Milk into the market contained more milk than any other chocolates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1913 Dairy Milk became Cadburys best-selling line. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1915 Cadbury Milk Tray was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1920 Cadbury Flake was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1923 Cream filled eggs, the forerunner of Cadburys Creme Egg, were introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mid-1920s Cadbury Dairy Milk gains its status as the brand leader in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1928 Fruit and Nut was introduced as a variation of Dairy Milk and Cadbury introduced the glass and a half advertising slogan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1933 Cadbury added Whole Nut to the Dairy Milk family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1938 Cadbury Roses were launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1956 Cadbury supplied Roses for a Royal tour of East Africa. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1958 Picnic was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1960s Chocolate Éclairs were launched by London confectioner, James Pascall. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1971 Halls joined the Adams family and Cadbury Creme Egg was launched. Pascalls was bought by Cadbury, with Eclairs becoming the second largest brand in the company (at that time). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1974 Cadbury Eclairs were launched only in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1976 Cadbury Caramel was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1979 New advertising idea of saying thank you with Cadbury Roses was introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1980-96 Cadbury Eclairs became an international brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1985 Cadbury Creme Egg launched a new campaign called, How do you eat yours? . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1987 Cadbury Twirl was launched and Cadbury Roses became the leading brand in the twist-wrap market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1998 Cadbury Dairy Milk was relaunched only in the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1999 Cadbury Eclairs were relaunched as Cadbury Choclairs in important markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2000 Cadbury Snowflake was launched. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2005 Cadbury Schweppes acquires Green Blacks, the UK premium chocolate brand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2010 Company accepted takeover bid from US food giant Kraft. Interesting Facts about Cadbury Instead of printing texts on chocolate boxes, Cadbury became the first company to include pictures as well. George Cadbury emphasized on mother-children relationship and whenever any woman worker had a baby, she was asked to leave the job and take care of the baby. Cadbury became the first company offering kitchens with dining tables and food for sale in 1886. A miniature metal animal (elephant, penguin, owl, fox, duck, squirrel, rabbit or turtle) was given away with specially designed cocoa tins in 1934. In the same year, Cadburys tokens, which came with packs of cocoa, could be redeemed for lamps, kettles and saucepans. Many children joined Cadburys Cococub Club in 1936. Cadburys World Visitor Center opened in 1990, welcoming 400,000 visitors in its first year. A Get Active program was launched by Cadbury in 2003, helping 10,000 teachers get in shape. Cadbury a leader in the global confectionery market Cadbury is one of the worlds leading confectionary firms, selling chocolate, gum and candy under its own name in addition to other brands such as Halls and Green and Blacks. It also produces a range of beverages and functional and health foods. The organization now operates in more than 60 countries, with the United States, New Zealand, Turkey and Canada among the nations in which its various products are sold. It has approximately 45000 employees and works with around 35000 direct and indirect suppliers. The firm earned a 7 percent rise in their revenue recently. Key categories and brands Cadbury is operating in a number of markets at the same time, including the functional and health foods and beverages sectors. It also sells a wide range of confectionery throughout the world both under its own brand and a range of other names. Among these are Green and Blacks chocolate ( UKs leading premium chocolate product). Other confectionery products include Cadbury Roses boxes of individually wrapped assorted chocolates and the Cadburys Creme Egg. Flake, Eclairs and Dairy Milk are the chocolates that are sold under Cadburys brand name. Other products that are offered by the firm within the confectionery sector include Freddo, Caramilk, Old Gold and Wendel Mieszanka Wedlowska. Cadbury is also a major player in the gum market, with Bubblicious bubblegum among the range of such products. Bubblicious is the number one bubblegum in Canada and the second-most popular in the United States. It comes in a variety of flavours including Watermelon Wave and Strawberry Splash. Stride is also among the gums available on the US market, while First a sugar-free gum launched in Turkey in 1995 has a number of sub-brands such as Neogum Lava. Among this particular product range is First Duo which contains a number of herbal active ingredients such as parsley, sunflower and extract of green tea aimed at providing clean and fresh breath. The firm is also active within the beverages sector, with its leading brands here including Bournvita a cocoa-based drink that can be mixed with water and/or milk which is particularly popular in India and Nigeria Cadbury Bournville Cocoa and Cadbury Drinking Chocolate. Cadburys Halls brand has a major stake within the functional and health foods sector. The range of mentholated products which includes Halls Defense, Fruit Breezers and Maxair provide nose and throat relief for those suffering from colds, coughs and other ailments and has a 22 per cent share of the medicated confectionery market. It also accounts for more than half of all cough drop products sold throughout the world and has licensed medicated status in northern hemisphere countries including Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In other parts of the world particularly in hot, dry countries Halls products tend to be purchased for the purposes of mouth refreshment. The confectionary market was booming as many multinational firms were entering. Till the mid 80s, chocolate market was small and almost dominated by Cadbury only. It made chocolate for a distinct category with an identity of its own. So chocolates carried a only for kids tag ad and kept the adults away. Cadbury had 80% of the market share by mid 80s. Other categories like Amul and Campco tried to break into the market and reduce Cadburys market share, but failed. By now chocolate were categorized as luxury and were reserved for special occasions and for rewarding and reinforcing the positive behavior. Later on Cadbury also dominated the market because it not only focused on children, but on adults also. While its competitors thought and made chocolates only for children, due to which Cadbury had an upper hand in the chocolate market. Trends in the Industry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Changes are rapidly taking place these days, so everyone (including the young and the elderly) will change according to the new lifestyle and will adapt to chocolate eating. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population and family incomes as well as urbanization are increasing in the industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Approximately 6 million people have upgraded to the middle class. On February 2, 2010, Cadbury became part of Kraft Foods as both of them merged. Some fast facts on the combined company of Cadbury and Kraft are: Our Global Reach  · Approximately $50 billion in revenues  · 25%+ of global revenue from emerging markets  · #1 in global confectionery  · #1 in global biscuits  · More than 50% of global revenue from snacks and confectionery Our Brand Portfolio  · 11 brands with more than $1 billion in revenue  · 70+ brands with more than $100 million in revenue  · 40+ brands over 100 years old  · 80% revenue from #1 share positions Explanation Cadbury is considered in the market structure of Monopolistic Competition. All the firms in the industry face a lot of competition from each other and Hersheys and Nestle are some of the major competitors of Hersheys, to name a few. There is no collusion between such firms and so each firm determines its own pricing policy without considering the possible reactions of rival firms. They all are producing products with slightly different physical characteristics, offer varying degrees of customer service, providing various amounts of locational convenience or proclaim special qualities, real or imagined, for their products. Product differentiation may also be created through the use of brand names and trademarks, packaging, and celebrity connections, for example, Cadbury included Amitabh Bachan in their advertisements. It shows that the demand for Cadbury products is highly elastic. Entry and exit of firms in monopolistic competition is relatively easy as economies of scale are few and capital requirements are low and nothing prevents an unprofitable monopolistic competitor from holding a going-out-of-business sale and shutting down. The expense and effort of the firms would be wasted if the consumers do not know about the product, so the firms often advertise heavily and the goal of product differentiation and advertising is nonprice competition, which is to make price less of a factor and make product differences a greater factor. If it becomes successful, the demand curve of the firm shifts towards the right and becomes less elastic. ADVERTISING SALES PROMOTION Advertising and Sales promotion are very essential for a business to prosper and to generate revenue. As Cadbury has many substitutes as well like Hersheys and Nestle etc., so it is in a stage of great competition. It needs to focus a lot on advertising to capture the market share because all of the firms in the industry are selling differentiated products, due to which they are heavily focusing on advertising. Slogans of advertising are the tools of sales promotion are very important as they persuade the customer to purchase the product. Following are a few advertising slogans used by Cadbury for introducing the product to the customers:- THE REAL TASTE OF LIFE (DAIRY MILK ) THODI SI PET POOJA KABHI BHI KAHI BHI (PERK) WHEN EVER ON HUNGER STRIKE (PERK) TAN KI SHAKTI, MAN KI SHAKTI (BOURNVITA) KUCH ZADA HI SOLID (PICNIC) YEH CHOCOLATE KHAE AAP INHE KHAE (ECLAIRS) Along with great advertisements, these slogans are beautifully used by Cadbury so they can persuade the consumer to buy the product. PRICING POLICIES ADOPTED BY CADBURY Although there is intense competition among different chocolate firms for market share and new products, it has been seen that the prices of chocolates has risen since the last one year. Prices of important brands like Nestles Kitkat and Cadburys Dairy Milk have rose by 25 per cent each and prices of brands like Cadburys Eclairs have also rose. Cocoa is one of the most important inputs of Cadburys chocolate and accounts for 45% of the total cost of chocolate production. Since its domestic production (estimated at 4500 to 5000 tonnes for the current year) is not increasing in India, so they have to import it at a higher price. More than half of the cocoa used in production is being imported. This is one of the major reasons why a rise in prices of Cadburys chocolate can be seen. Along with it, the Indian rupee is also depreciating, so it makes the company worse off. Another reason is that internationally the prices of cocoa has risen, so the production cost of firm increases which compels the firm to rise its prices. The excise duties have imposed a heavier charge on imports by increasing the tax paid on excise duties from 8% to 18%.Maximum retail prices have been introduced in the budget which adds to the cost of production. All these factors have risen the cost of production of the firm and it is unlikely that the prices will recede in the near future. FACTORS INFLUENCING PRICING OF CADBURY Internal Factors Corporate and marketing objectives of the firm. The image sought by the firm through pricing. The characteristics of the product. Price elasticity of demand of the product. The stage of the product on the product life cycle. Use pattern and turn around rate of the product. Cost of manufacturing and marketing. Extent of distinctiveness of the product and extent of production differentiation practiced by the firm. Other elements of the marketing mix of the firm and their interaction with pricing. Composition of the product line of the firm. External Factors Market characteristics. Buyers behavior in respect of the given product. Bargaining power of major customers. Competitors pricing policy. Government controls regulations on pricing. Other relevant legal aspects. Societal (or social) considerations. Understanding, if any reached with price cartels. Cadbury objective of pricing Profit maximization in the short-term. Profit optimization in the long-term. A minimum return (or target return) on investment. A minimum return on sales turnover. Targets sales volume. Target market share. Deeper penetration of the market. Entering new markets. Target profit on the entire product line irrespective of profit level in individual products. Keeping competition out, or keeping it under check. Fast turn around and early cash recovery. Stabilizing prices and margins in the market. Cadbury vs Kraft Confectionery Market Value Share by Region 2008 The Kraft/Cadbury strategic fit It is the end of 3 years turnaround plan and its redeveloped growth strategy is strongly based on selected primary categories, such as chocolate, biscuits and coffee. It has secured a leading position after the attainment of DANONEs biscuit and cereals division in the global market with 18.4% value share, the company seems to follow the same policies in order to gain a leading position in confectionery market. The joint value share of Kraft and Cadbury in the global confectionery market will be 14.9%, it captures the top position from current leader Mars (14.5%). Krafts further expansion in confectionery market is dependent on its current reforms strategies and its aim is to become a global powerhouse in snacks, confectionery and quick meals. It is expanding its activities in confectionery which will fully complement the Danone biscuits and cereal product operations. Even though Krafts market share is higher in all region except for the smallest Middle East, Africa and Australia is comparatively higher than Cadburys, in confectionery Cadbury has a noteworthy lead over Kraft, except for Eastern Europe where Kraft was one of the first multinational movers to enter the market. With this attainment Kraft will gain a strong value share and leading position in many major developing markets in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa and Asia-Pacific, such as India As well as wider geographical reach, Kraft will also benefit from Cadburys brands meeting its own chocolate and sugar confectionery portfolio as well. Attaining Cadbury Kraft will get leading position in global confectionery and it helps it expand it geographical coverage in meeting regions. However, even confectionery is expected to perform below overall packaged food growth over the 2009-2014 period, with a 1.5% CAGR compared to a 1.7% CAGR, respectively. Asia Pacific and Latin America are most relevant set, gains of Kraft. As their confectionery market of 2009 and 2014 are expected to post CAGR of 2.3% and 2.6% respectively DANONEs biscuits and Cadbury are Krafts latest acquisitions and are revealing the companys strategic direction of establishing strong growth platforms in categories in which it can benefit from complementary operations and significant economies of scale. Revenue Performance by Category Throughout the year there was a good demand for chocolates and bagged candies the expected beneficiary of stay at home culture. At the same time, regardless to a softer start to the year, the more functional or activity related product, like medicated gums and candies delivered a positive growth from the end of second quarter. Chocolate (46% of revenue in 2009) delivered revenue growth of 7%, reflecting strong performances in the UK, India and South Africa. India and South Africa benefited from continued investment behind affordable products, supporting chocolate growth in emerging markets of 11%. Australia delivered progressively good growth, benefiting from the relaunch of the core Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM) brand in the second quarter of the year. Similarly, our business in Poland benefited from the relaunch of Wedel in the second half, leveraging the experience of the UK relaunch of CDM in 2008. Gum (33%) revenue growth improved strongly in the second half (up 5%) more than compensating for the weak first quarter. As a result, Gum was up 2% for the year as a whole. Despite weak market conditions overall, our businesses improved market share in nearly all key markets, including the US where the launch of Trident Layers in the second half re-established strong growth momentum in the category. Candy (21%) revenues grew 5% for the year as a whole reflecting strong second half growth of 9% with significantly improved performances from Halls, Éclairs and other mainstream candy brands. Halls benefited from product innovation and a good start to the cold and flu season. Innovation drove strong growth in other focus brands, including Éclairs (up 29%) and The Natural Confectionery Co (up 24%). Revenue Performance by Market Our performance by market reflected some local market share performances, even though weak economic conditions in many developed markets, in addition to the different mix between chocolate, gum and candy. Generally, based on the markets for which we have recent share data available, that represent 90% of our revenue, market share, progress has been very good. Cadbury has generated over 70% of our revenue. In emerging markets (38% of revenue in 2009), revenue growth was again very strong for the year as a whole, up 9% (up 7% in the first half and up 10% in the second half), led by strong performances in India, the Middle East and Africa and South America. While trading in European emerging markets was challenging, Russia and Turkey improved toward the end of the period, and both countries delivered growth for the year. In developed markets (62%), revenue grew 2% with an improved second half (up 3%) offsetting the slow start to the year. The impact of weak market conditions in developed Europe was mitigated by strong growth in the UK and significantly improved performance in the US and Canada. V I S I O N The governing objective for Cadbury is to deliver: Superior Shareholder Value Cadbury in every pocket The company believes this requires: Broadening our consumer appeal and extending their reach to newer markets Sustained growth of their market share through aggressive product development Striving for international quality in their products and processes Focusing on cost competitiveness and productivity in their operations and innovative utilisation of their assets Investing to develop people. Developing a product which would gain a permanent place in the companys product portfolio is not an easy task. It take minimum 58 new product ideas in order to come up with on successful new product and some researchers estimate to a 100 ideas. Majority of the ideas fail even before they are made to the consumers, a rest major portion fails during the marketing test process and do not make it to national distribution. With the enormous investments needed to fund such projects it becomes essential that the entire project is carefully researched. Successful new product development is mainly team work research and development, marketing and sales, market research, production, engineering and finance. At Cadbury, the marketing role is fulfilled by the Product/Brand Manager , function is to coordinate and mastermind the project through from the initial brief to national launch, until the largest sales capacity has been achieved. The initial incentive for embarking on a New Product Develop ment project can be: Changes in consumer lifestyles Technology developments where new processing techniques have been devised The need for market extension abroad, particularly into Asia Pacific, and the demise of trade barriers. However, products cannot be simply transferred from one market to another without review and possible adaptation to suit differing expectations and cultures. Whether the product strategy is: Existing product improvement New product development within the current range of activity Production diversification. Situational factors when designing market planning and analysis of environment is serious as it would allow Dairy Milk to capitalize on organizational strengths, minimize any weaknesses, exploit market opportunities and avoid any threats. Strengths Cadbury would realize several possible advantages in going abroad. By penetrating a foreign market the company could: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a stable growth of a company by maximizing the use of its production capacity and thus increase economies of scale and scope. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With its brand name, Cadbury could counterattack the competitors it faces in the domestic market by attacking their domestic market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keep up with the financial strength by increasing its sales and profit, indeed the foreign market could present higher profit opportunities than the domestic products. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Acquisition rules in UK reduce its dependence on the UK market and therefore diversify its market specific risks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Overall, Cadbury has been successful through the new products (development) it has to offer. Weaknesses Overall, Cadbury has a weak position in the US market; therefore, need to change its target to a different location. It lacks of distribution network, it also has a small total of market share altogether. Therefore in order to market the product in France successfully, Cadbury has to find out how it should improve, in order to have great performance. It should also find out, what are the situations they can avoid in order to be successful. In order to market products the following issues should be considered: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Total French production of chocolate bars and confectionary, which has increased by 24.5 % between 1988 and 1991, has slowed down in more recent years, partly due to the economic fall. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intake of chocolate products, which has been growing since 1991, remained properly still in 1992, causing a fall in demand due to the gloomy economic situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sales of milk chocolate bars, which account for 24% by volume of total sales of chocolate bars, came down by 3.7 %. Opportunities Through its confectionary product line, least to mention is to build feasible positions in focused markets through biological growth and acquirement. Besides what is mention above, Cadbury has opportunities to have developed market in Russia and China. The Timeout Candy Bar market is growing worldwide. This company is also at the same time distributing its products through the internet Develop Gourmet Line. Besides developing the Low Calorie variety of chocolates and sweets, they also offer the Sugar Free sweets variety. This has therefore completely opened a Cadbury world in US. In order to get the product into a new foreign market, France, Cadbury would have good opportunities in store for them. Opportunities are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In terms of political issues, France has advanced parliamentary democracy and is highly stable politically. The political power is nationalized in the parliament, the Prime Minister and the President. The country specific risk is insignificant. France is a member of the European Community and has excellent relations with the UK. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economically, France has the fourth largest GDP in the world. It has an advanced market based economy. Despite a recent recession, its economy is very strong and also highly relaxed in line with European Union policies. France represents a very large potential market with a high standard of living and purchasing power. The economy is highly open internationally and conducts a high percentage of trade within its European partners. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ With regards to its social situation, France has a broadly central/southern European culture which has many similarities with the UK. However cultural differences do exist and these must be considered when planning for the market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ France has a high technological level and a lot of industries are based in the technological sector. This technological base constitutes one of Frances competitive advantages. Threats Due to its confectionary products, it is very important for Cadbury threat that is present or eminent. The company should take note of the changes in the consumers buying trend. It is perceived that consumers might shift from chocolates to Healthy snacks. If this were to happen, there might be a poor product development which would stain the Cadburys name. Useless to talk about price wars would occur between its competitors like Mars, Hershey and Nestle. Due to the abovementioned, there would be seasonal sales slumps all year round which will reflect to an increase in cost of the raw materials needed. Cadbury would then have to be prepared for growth of small local gourmet chocolates and regional candy manufacturers. However if Cadbury were to market its products in France, the company has to be aware of the risks it could meet. It might: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not understand foreign customer preferences and fail to offer a competitively attractive product; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not understand the foreign countrys business culture or know how to deal effectively with foreign nationals; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Underestimate foreign regulations and incur unexpected costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Threat of entry due to the competition growing through acquisition. Although the company has come up with a few current products, it is targeting to a new market. Despite the competition against the rest (Hersheys, MM Mars and Nestle), Cadbury needs to have a bargaining power of the buyers in order to be competitive in the market. The company even needs to know that substitutes are not a major concern. Finally, to conclude that Cadbury is in the Market Development, they would have to have the bargaining power of suppliers as they are not in power position due to commodity like nature. And also to be aware of the cost of packaging materials as it has increased over time. There are a few strategic recommendations that Cadbury could come up with in order to market its products not only in the region of France, but also to market it products successfully. After much discussion on the position of the product Urban Poverty in Canada: Political Analysis Urban Poverty in Canada: Political Analysis Submitted to: Professor. Nugent Submitted by: Nadia Haidar Introduction Urban poverty in Canada has become one of the major factors that require consideration in a political perspective to arrive at a solution. This problem took its foothold in the country between the year 1990 and 2000. According to a report by the urban poverty project, in the year 2012 about half of Canada’s population an amount totaling to 15.3 million people lived in just four of the urban areas among them Toronto. This makes the country of Canada one of the most urbanized countries with a population of 25 million people living in the urban areas. Among these people about one of every six people lived in Poverty. In the year 2000, about 3.3 million people who are poor Canadians had their residence in the Census Metropolitan areas. As the population of the people in the Metropolitan area grow, the rate of poor urban dwellers increases at a faster rate. Among the major city of Canada, the City of Toronto has the largest number of low earning people with a population of about 77 1530 and has a poverty rate of about 16.2%. (Katherine, 2007) Abstract With the upcoming elections of the Ontario provincial election, a city election, and a federal election, this paper tries to focus on the election in terms of the impact it would have on the geographical urban poverty. It also focuses on the platforms and candidates take on the various ideologies that they advocate for in their campaign in relation to the urban poverty. The paper also focuses on the debates and the effect of quality on the people as per the decision they make in voting for the leaders. One of the parties in with fighting for the poor urban people is the Communist party. The party which in the provincial elections due to happen on June the 12th, is running 11 Candidates has on its website encouraged people to vote for the program in which the working class were fighting for. According to the 1990 to 2000 report, about 45% of people living in the urban area contribute to the GDP of Canada. Yet among these people, the poor have quite a good percentage. According to one of their candidates Elizabeth Rowley she promises to put the needs of the people first before cooperate greed. The party intends to achieve this by offering good jobs to its people, affordable renting and housing controls among others. (Rowley, 2014 ) In the communist party campaign they are pointing out clear that, there is a gap between the rich and the poor, pointing out that the poverty level is on the rise and unemployment is quite as high as well. As the provincial leader of the communist party Ro wley points out that what they fear most is not the liberal party that has failed the people of Ontario, but the conservative party led by Tim Hudak. The conservative party is laying the facts clear that if elected they will lay down about 10000 people working in the public sector. According to the communist, this attempt would demolish the public sector. In attempt to slash the wages arguably, the conservative party would be contributing to the rise in the poverty level, greatly affecting the urban poverty negatively making it grow rather than decrease. Contrary to what the communist party is offering, with the likes of a quality public service with better health care and hospitals being one of their promises to the people. According to the NDP, they have an economic plan, which involves a raise in the minimum wage rate to $12 per hour and later tying it to the inflation. This move of increasing the current paltry by a dollar per hour as it is currently at $11 per hour will help the poor in the province to make more money to live off well. (Stockton, 2014) This comes from the leader of the NDP Andrea Horwath. Asking the employers to pay more however, would result to the workers losing their jobs. The Capitalists aim of cutting off operation costs and raising the price of the goods, acting in the disfavor of the poor. According to the campaign of the NDP party, their argument is that increasing the minimum wage gives the poor people a chance to have a hold of the money, which they spend, putting it in the circular flow of the economy thus experiencing growth. To dispute this however, looking at a place where it has been in application, in the United States of America, a study after comparing the geograph ical contiguous regions whose minimum wage was different found that a high minimum wage rate related to the unemployment rate in the region. (Debra Burke) Looking at the facts on the ground it is also important to identify the people who are working below the minimum age, only 4.6 % of the people of Ontario that works below the minimum wage rate. While this seems like quite a good idea, the minimum wage rate raise may not be the solution to most of the problems. The liberal party of Canada policy resolutions: Most of Toronto seems to ignore the local politics, with the current mayor Rob Ford still running for office. There are a number of other candidates among them Ashok Sajnani, Morgan Baskin, a dentists and a student who are considered as long shots for the job. Arguably, they should start the city hall politics serving as a councillor but not in their opinion. The Conservative’s party candidate however John Tory deemed as one of the most likely candidate to topple Rob Fords leadership idea as per his fiscal strategies include lowering taxes especially property taxes which to some extent is in the favor of the poor. (Powell, 2014) The debates of the parties in the Ontario representatives seem to carry weight on the people of Ontario based on their influence. The big parties do have a great say in the debates and the emphasis is majorly in them. The parties presented in the debates mostly are; the Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party, and New Democratic party their leaders are Kathleen Wynne, Tim Hudak. The other parties, such as the communist party of Canada do not seem to get an equal platform with these two. The quality of the debates may be quite good since they are a great determinant of the polls; the politicians try their best to lay it out for the people the actions they are going to take once in their government. In a recent call from the doctors, they asked the four on the province political parties to engage in a debate involving health care. (CBC News, 2014) The poor people being among the great number of the 700000 Ontarians who do not have the primary access to such care needs clarifi cation. The Liberal leader take on this through their leader Kathleen Wynne promised of primary access to a health care provider by the year 2018. According to Kathleen, this would cost less than $20 million. In the opinion of the Progressive Conservative party through their leader Tim Hudak, he suggested demolishing the existing health service and focusing on the employees like nurses as the frontline. The New Democratic Party leader Andrea Howarth plans to reduce the time by half that ER wait times take. Adding another 250 nurse practitioners in the emergency rooms was a further suggestion as well as 50 new family clinics working on a 24-hour system. Despite this suggestion, the request to have a formal debate that involves the four leaders would help the citizens make an informed decision. The health care anticipated debate is a good example of showing the quality of the debates since they greatly affect the decision of the voter. In a study that was carried out by Ipsos, show th at the majority of the Ontarians whom were undecided about the leader they were going to support were going to make their decision based on the June 3rd debate. Thirty eight percent of the people make their decision on whom to vote for on the day after the debate. Thirteen percent of them wait until the last debate while fourteen percent will wait until the last week of the campaign, and eleven percent of the people make the decision on the day of the election. However, this is significant to the quality of the debate and how convincing they can be, the study also shows that sixty two percent of the Ontarians make the decision long before the elections begin with forty one percent of them not changing their decision throughout the campaign. Twenty-one percent of the Ontarians however might change their mind. (Ipsos, 2014) An issue reported with the debates is about the inaccessibility to the debate by candidates of the provincial election of Ontario. On May, 29th 2014, a debate was held in Cambridge Ontario and was inaccessible to the people with disability. The event organizers did not put into consideration that the disabled people too would want to attend the all candidates’ debate. In this event, the local advocator of the people with disabilities Lyn McGinnis was not able to access the all candidate debate. Having an accessible venue is important to have a barrier free debate that all willing to attend can do so. Conclusion Conclusively, the results of the election will greatly determine the state of the urban poverty since the policy that the party that will win by a majority will determine the future of the people. Different people hold different opinions in the parties’ and have a strategy to make their condition better. The liberal party may, to majority of these people, see that they have been failed by the party since in their rule, unemployment has not been solved, greater disparity of the poor and the rich, and the greedy capitalists have not made it better for the people. The political debates are of great significance to the election of the country. The quality of these debates is therefore required to be high to influence the voters to make their decision based on the policy that the different provincial parties make. Many families, including my own, have suffered through poverty decade after decade. It is up to us citizens to make this vote count, vote for the right party, and help end this vicious cycle of poverty so many Ontarians continue to suffer through. WORD COUNT: 1990 References CBC News. (2014, May 30). Ontario election 2014 :Doctors Want Parties to Debate . Debra Burke, S. M. (n.d.). Minimum Wage and Unemployment Rates :A study of Contiguous Counties . Ipsos. (2014, June 2). Whats Riding on the Ontario Election Leaders Debate. Retrieved from Ipsos News and Polls: www.ipsos-na.com Katherine, F. G. (2007). A Lost Decade: Urban Poverty in Canada 1990 to 2000. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development. Powell, B. (2014, March 15). Toronto Mayoral election Profile: John Tory. Toronto Stars. Rowley, E. (2014 , May 19) Communist Party of Canada. Retrieved from www.communistpartycanada.ca Stockton, M. W. (2014, May 24).Minimum Wage in the Ontario Election and Canada. The True North Times.